Icandelo leSine lokuVeliswa kwezitena: Isicwangciso soShishino
Isicwangciso sokuSebenza
Ngoku sele sixoxe ngeemveliso zezitena zekhonkrithi kunye nemarike apho ziza kuthengiswa khona, lixesha lokucwangcisa indlela eliza kusebenza ngayo ishishini. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, abasebenzi, iinkqubo kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza kwezoshishino. Eli candelo liza kubandakanya izihloko ezinxulumene nokuqhuba ishishini imihla ngemihla.
Masiqale ngolwandlalo olulandelayo:
Inkqubo yeMveliso
Ulawulo lwemeko
Isiza
Okusingqongileyo okusemthethweni
Abasebenzi
Uluhlu lwempahla
Ababoneleli
Imigaqo-nkqubo yeTyala
Inkqubo yeMveliso
Ukuveliswa kwezitena kusetyenziswa umatshini weDoubell kulandela enye yeendlela ezimbini - umatshini wokuvelisa izitena ohambahambayo kunye nomatshini omileyo. Ukhetho phakathi kwezi zimbo zimbini zemveliso luyakuchaphazela uninzi lwamalungiselelo esiza kodwa iindlela zokwenyani zokuvelisa ziya kuhlala zifana. Ukwahluka okongeziweyo kuya kuzibonakalisa ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokusebenzisa umatshini ongaphezulu kwesinye (oku kungenxa yendlela onokuba nayo indawo enye yokuxuba koomatshini abaninzi endaweni yokuphindaphinda umgca wemveliso wonke).
Isicwangciso soshishino kufuneka sinikeze umtyali-mali onokubakho okanye iqabane ingcaciso epheleleyo malunga nendlela eya kwenzeka ngayo inkqubo yokuguqula inkunzi yotyalo-mali, kwizinto ezikrwada (kunye nezixhobo), kwizitena, kwaye ekugqibeleni ibe yimali eninzi kunaleyo yasekuqaleni. Inkqubo yemveliso iya kujongana neyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yenkqubo yezitena yokwenyani ukuya kufikelela kwiinkcukacha ngoko ke masiqiniseke ukuba sigubungela yonke imiba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi eyona nto ikhethiweyo yeyunithi yokwakha (ibhloko engenanto, isitena esiqinileyo, isitena sokubeka, isitena sokuhombisa, njl. ).
IMPAHLA ENGEKASILWA
Ukusebenzisa umthengisi okhethiweyo (ngexabiso elifanelekileyo, indawo, ukuhanjiswa kunye nenkonzo), bala izinto ezifunekayo kwimveliso eya kuhambelana nendawo ekhoyo. Iqhinga lokusebenza apha kukulawula ukuhanjiswa kwe-aggregate ngendlela efikelelekayo.
Ubungayi kuchitha imali kwi-aggregate yexabiso lonyaka; ngokulinganayo awuyi kulungiselela ukuhanjiswa kwemveliso yosuku olunye yonke imihla ukuba ilori inokubamba isixa esiphindwe ka-8 (kungenjalo uya kuhlawula ngaphezulu kwepetroli kunye neendleko zokuhanjiswa).
Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhanjiswa kwe-aggregate kuza kanye okanye kabini ngeveki ngokusasazwa koomatshini.
Ukuhlelwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kukwayinto ebalulekileyo yokwenza izitena. Ukuhamba ngeenyawo kufuna ukugqitywa okugudileyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukuhlelwa kakuhle kwelitye elityumkileyo kunye/okanye isanti. Ibhloko yokwakha inokwenziwa ngokugqitywe kakuhle, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo abathengi bakhetha inkangeleko erhabaxa ukuze udaka lukwazi ukuncamathela xa utyabeka eludongeni, oluyisicelo esiqhelekileyo sebhloko yokwakha. Oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka iigranuli ezinkulu kwilitye elityumkileyo (6.7mm umzekelo). Oku kunokuxutywa nesanti kodwa siza kucinga ukuba i-6.7mm ilitye elityumkileyo libhekisa kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwi-6.7mm ukuhla ukuya eluthulini. Kuba oku kuquka amasuntswana alungileyo asele, akukho mfuneko yokuxuba isanti (ngaphandle kokuba inexabiso eliphantsi okanye iyafumaneka njengethuba kwipropati).
Umzekelo:
Ilori yeetoni ezisi-8 izakuhambisa amatye atyunyuziweyo yonke imihla. Izinto eziphathekayo ziya kugcinwa kwindawo ekhuselweyo ephindwe kabini ebiyelwe ngamacala amathathu kodwa ivuliwe phezulu.
Kwangolo suku lunye, kuya kufunyanwa isamente - iingxowa ezili-14 zesamente (50kg nganye). Oku kubalwa kumlinganiselo we-8:1 njengoko kugqitywe kwelinye i(ama)candelo lesi sicwangciso soshishino; kunye nemveliso ibe nebloko engenanto (metric 6-intshi) kwiiyunithi ezingama-500 ngosuku lwemveliso.
Amanzi aya kufumaneka kwisiza njengamanzi abonelelwa ngumasipala.
UKUHLANGANISA
Ubungakanani bemveliso yosuku buya kugqiba isicwangciso esilungileyo. Kumsebenzi omncinci, ixesha elithile lingathathwa ekuqaleni kosuku ukubeka umxube owomileyo wezithako zibe yimfumba. Kumatshini oshukumayo, iimfumba zinokubekwa ngamaxesha athile apho kulindeleke ukuba oomatshini bafike ngexesha lokufunwa kwebhetshi elandelayo yomxube.
Kwinkqubo emileyo, imathiriyeli iya kuxutywa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ifakwe koomatshini. Iibhetshi ze-200kg ukuya kwi-300kg ziya kuhlanganiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo rhoqo kwimizuzu embalwa kwaye ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuxuba kwangaphambili izithako ezomileyo. Le ndlela iya kusetyenziselwa oomatshini abakhulu apho ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuxuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ukuxuba kwenziwa kakubi, isitena siya kuba kumgangatho ophantsi kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubungakanani besamente okanye umlinganiselo wokudibanisa. Isitena sekhonkrithi sinamandla njengowona mthungo ubuthathaka. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-panmixer sisisombululo esiphezulu sokuxuba ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba isisixhobo esibiza imali eninzi, kwamkelekile ukuxutywa ngesandla phambi kokuba wenze inzuzo ukuze ufumane esinye.
Umxube uxutywa kuqala xa womile ze emva koko kugalelwe amanzi emva koko. Naziphi na izongezo zihlala zongezwa kumxube owomileyo (ii-oxides, njl.)
Umzekelo:
Ukuchaneka kumlinganiselo, iibhakethi zomakhi ziya kusetyenziswa ukulinganisa izinto ezifunekayo zokuhambelana. Iibhakethi ezi-8 ziya kuzaliswa ngamatye atyunyuziweyo kunye nebhakethi enye ngesamente. Ezi bhakethi ziya kongezwa kwi-panmixer. Emva kokujikeleza okumbalwa kwe-panmixer, amanzi aya kongezwa ngokuthe chu ngendlela yokufefa ukuze asasaze ukufuma ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ugweme ukudibanisa.
Amanzi axutywe kunye ne "Doubell Quickmix" ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, okuya kuba nefuthe elihle kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwezitena. (Jonga isihlomelo kwi-Quickmix).
Izinto eziphathekayo ziyakuxutywa imizuzu emi-4 ukuya kwemi-6 apho i-chute iya kuvulwa kancinane ukuvumela umxube ukuba ungene. Loo sampuli iya kuphumelela uvavanyo "lokucudisa" ukujonga ukuba amanzi amaninzi ayafuneka okanye hayi. Ukuba kulungile, wonke umxube uya kukhutshelwa kwiikiliva ezijikelezayo ezikhoyo. Emva koko umxube ulungele ukusetyenziswa kwaye uhanjiswe kumatshini.
UKWENZA
Ukwenziwa kwangempela kwezitena yinkqubo efanayo kuzo zonke iimveliso zekhonkrithi, nangona zihluke kumxube "omanzi" ngokuchasene "nomxube owomileyo". Indlela "yomxube omanzi" isebenzisa i-slurry enamanzi kakhulu egalelwe kwi-mold, ishukunyiswa kwaye ishiywe ukuze ibekwe endaweni. Indlela "yomxube owomileyo" isebenzisa umxube omanzi we-aggregate eya kudityaniswa ibe yimo eya kukwazi ukuzimela. Emva koko iyekwa ukuba iqine kwindawo phambi kokuba ihambe.
Inkqubo yetafile eshukumayo ifuna ukubumba kwiyunithi nganye yemveliso yeshifti; kanti oomatshini bezitena beDoubell banobumba olunye lokuphosa iiyunithi ezininzi zemveliso. Ngolu kuqonda, makhe sihlolisise eyona nkqubo.
Umngundo unemilo yesitena sekhonkrithi ekufuneka senziwe kwaye uyawamkela umxube. Ekubeni umxube ungaxutywanga, isikhunta siya kulayisha ngokuqhelekileyo kumxube ongaphezulu kunobukhulu bezitena. Loo mxube ke uxinzelelwe phantsi ukuya kwimilinganiselo yokwenyani yemveliso yezitena zekhonkrithi. Emva kokuba imilinganiselo ifezekisiwe, ukuxinana kugqityiwe kwaye ukukhutshwa kulandelwa. Izitena zikhutshiwe kwaye zikhutshwe kwi-mold kunye nokumila kwazo kunye nesakhiwo sichanekile.
Kwindawo yokumisa, izitena zenziwe kwiibhodi zokhuni eziza kuhanjiswa kwindawo yokubamba ixesha elithile (iiyure ezi-6 ukuya kwi-1 ngosuku) ngaphambi kokuba zicinywe, zigcinwe kwaye ibhodi isetyenziswe kwakhona. Ekuphunyezweni koomatshini abahambahambayo, izitena ziya kushiywa emhlabeni endaweni yoko.
Umzekelo:
Izinto ezixubileyo ziziswa kumatshini wokwenza izitena ezihambayo. Emva koko ilayishwa kwi-chute yokutya kwaye ifakwe kwi-mold. Ukusebenzisa i-rake okanye ifosholo, izinto eziphathekayo zikhokelwa kwibhokisi yokubumba ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imingxuma izaliswe. Wakuba ulinganisiwe, oomatshini baya kusetyenziswa ukuhlanganisa iiyunithi zezitena. (Jonga kwiSihlomelo kwisikhokelo esibonakalayo malunga nokusebenza koomatshini).
Emva kokuxinana, oomatshini baya kusetyenziswa ukuphakamisa ibhokisi yokungunda kwaye bashiye izitena phantsi. Umatshini uya kususwa kwizitena kwaye usethe kwakhona kumjikelo olandelayo wokwenza. Ibhetshi yangaphambili yemveliso iya kushiywa ingaphazamiseki kude kube yimini elandelayo okanye utshintsho lwemveliso.
Umjikelo omnye opheleleyo uya kuba ngumzuzu omnye kwaye ithagethi ibe yimijikelo engama-500 ngeshifti yomsebenzi yeeyure ezisi-8. Izitena ezaphukileyo phambi kokusetwa ziya kuphinda zisetyenziswe kumxube kwaye zirekhodwe njengokwaphuka kwakhona.
Ngexesha lekhefu kwaye ekupheleni kosuku, izixhobo ziya kuhlanjululwa ngokunamathela kwisamente ngamanzi kunye nebrashi. Iibholithi ziya kujongwa ukuba zikhululekile kungcangcazelo. Xa uqala kwakhona emva kwaso nasiphi na ikhefu, ibhetshi yokuqala yokuvelisa izitena iya kujongwa kwimilinganiselo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izicwangciso zoomatshini zichanekile.
UKUPHILA / UQINISEKILE
Ekuqaleni kosuku lomsebenzi, ukuveliswa kwezitena ukusuka kumhla wangaphambili kuya kuthatyathwa kumgangatho womsebenzi. Ezinye izibonelelo zinokuthatha emva "kwexesha elisekiweyo lokuqala" kodwa ukophuka okungaphezulu kunokwenzeka ukuba izitena ezikhawulezayo zibuyiswe. Kucetyiswa ukuba uqokelele nje ngosuku olulandelayo.
Ezi bloko zekhonkrithi zinzima ngokwaneleyo ukuzibamba kodwa ziseneentsuku ezingama-20 zokuqina (inkqubo yecrystallization) ukuphelisa utshintsho olongezelelweyo kwimilinganiselo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-shrinkage). Ikhonkrithi iya kuqina ngakumbi iinyanga ezininzi kodwa ayizukutshintsha kakhulu njengeentsuku ezingama-21 zokuqala.
Indawo iya kuba ngumba njengoko imveliso iqalisa ukufumba. Ngethamsanqa, iibhloko zinzima ngokwaneleyo ukupakisha kwiityhubhu. Ukwenza oku kuya kunciphisa imfuno yendawo kunye nokwenza kube lula ukunkcenkceshela iimveliso.
Ukufuma kubalulekile kwaye isamente idinga malunga ne-25% yobunzima bayo emanzini ukugcina i-hydrated. Ukomisa kuya kuthintela okanye kuyimise inkqubo ngokupheleleyo. Ngeebhloko ezingama-500+ kwisitaki setyhubhu, amanzi anokugalelwa ngaphezulu kwaye amanzi aya kusasazeka kulo lonke istaki. Ukusebenzisa iplastiki emnyama kuya kunceda ukubambisa ukufuma ngaphakathi.
Ukubanda ngomnye umchasi wokuqina kwesamente; I-plastic sheeting emnyama nayo iya kunceda ngokubambisa ubushushu kwi-stack.
Ummandla wale nkqubo uya kusekelwa kwimveliso yemveliso kunye nexesha elilindelekileyo lokutshintsha isitokhwe.
UKUGCINA
Ukugcinwa kwezitena ngokuqhelekileyo yindawo efanayo yenkqubo yokuqina. Umahluko kukulungela ukuthengiswa. Hlala usebenza kwinkqubo ye-FIFO (ngesiNgesi) - Okokuqala Kwi-First Out. Ngelixa kusenokungabi yingozi kumthengi ukufumana imveliso entsha okanye endala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kupheliswe imveliso kwiibhetshi ezenziweyo. Naluphi na uvavanyo olwenziwe kwizitena luhlala lufana kunokuba luhluke.
Abathengi abaqokelela ngokuqhelekileyo bathenga ngeebhetshi - ukupakisha kwangaphambili iibhetshi (ukuba azikho) kwiipalithi zokhuni ukuze zilayishe lula.
UVAVANYO
Ukuzithemba komthengi kuya kunyuswa ukuba banokubona iziphumo zovavanyo oluzimeleyo olwenziwe kwizitena zekhonkrithi. Zininzi iintlobo zovavanyo kwaye zinokubiza kakhulu; Endaweni yoko, vele uvavanye iibhetshi "zamandla okutyumza" - ubungakanani boxinzelelo lwesitena esinokumelana nalo ngaphambi kokuphuka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izitena ezi-3 ezivela kwibhetshi efanayo ziyafuneka ukwenza uvavanyo olufanayo ukubonelela ngokuzithemba kunye neesampuli kufuneka zidwetshwe ngamaxesha (ngokwebhajethi evumayo). Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba i-aggregate yomthengisi, inkqubo yokuxuba, inkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye nokuqina konke kuyahambelana.
Ulawulo lwemeko
Uvavanyo luya kuqhutywa njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili. Ukuba iimvavanyo zibuya zikumgangatho ophantsi, uya kufuna isicwangciso malunga nendlela yokujongana nale meko. Okokuqala qinisekisa ukuba umba awukokungathobeli nje okukodwa. Emva koko qulathe ingxaki ingxaki ngokuchonga ibhetshi (iya kufuna iimvavanyo ezininzi zesampulu). Emva koko wahlukanise ibhetshi ukwenza isigqibo kuyo (ukuba ibhetshi ingaphantsi komgangatho ophakathi kodwa ingaphezulu komgangatho wesizwe, ungavele uyithengise nokuba kunjalo). Ukuba amandla athotyiweyo angaphantsi komgangatho wesakhiwo esibalulekileyo njengendlu ethwele umthwalo, zinokuthengiswa ngexabiso lesaphulelo sodonga lomda.
Isiza
Ipropati eya kusetyenziselwa ukwenza izitena kufuneka ibe kwinqanaba elithile lokulungiselela. Ubuncinci, umgangatho wekhonkrithi kufuneka ube khona (ukuba usebenzisa umatshini we-Doubell ohambahambayo) okanye i-slab encinci yekhonkrithi (kumatshini omileyo we-Doubell) kunye nesithuba sokuba iimveliso zezitena zibe nzima kwaye zigcinwe.
Kuxhomekeka kwindawo okuyo, unokufuna isigqubuthelo esingaphezulu ukuze ukhusele kwizinto ezisingqongileyo; okanye ukhuseleko olukwimo yesitora esitshixwayo. Ezi ngqwalasela ebalulekileyo kwaye kukho elinye inqaku okanye amabini ekulungiseleleni indawo.
Kulo msebenzi, siya kuthatha umatshini wezitena "Doubell Jumbo MK3" ngokuhambelana necandelo lemveliso.
Qwalasela ukufikeleleka kwindlela yomthengi kunye nomthengisi. Indlela yomhlaba esemaphandleni kakhulu iya kwenza ukufikelela kube nzima kwaye kwaphule izitena kwiilori.
Qinisekisa ukuba isiza esikhethiweyo asidluli imiqathango yocando lwesixeko. Qiniseka ukuba ubonisa ifoto yesathelayithi yesiza esicetywayo; kunye nokubeka iindleko zerenti.
Okusingqongileyo okusemthethweni
Ngalo lonke ixesha uqinisekisa ukuba uya kuthobela ngokupheleleyo xa uqhuba ishishini. Oko kuthetha ukufumana ubhaliso olufanelekileyo, i-akhawunti yebhanki, inombolo yerhafu, njl. kwaye ilizwe ngalinye liya kuba neemfuneko zomthetho ezifanayo zokuqhuba ishishini.
Indlela elula yokufumana uncedo kukuzimanya negumbi leshishini lendawo, kodwa akuyomfuneko ukuba ufumana iingcebiso komnye waba bacebisi bomthetho. Musa ukuchitha imali ngaphandle kokuba kufuneka - qala ngokujonga kwiwebhusayithi karhulumente malunga nokuqalisa ishishini kunye nokuba zeziphi izatifikethi ezifunekayo.
Ngempilo nokhuseleko, nokuba uyasebenza kumthetho wengingqi yakho okanye akunjalo, qiniseka ukuba unegosa loncedo lokuqala kunye nekiti yoncedo lokuqala egcweleyo.
Ukuba unendawo ekhuselekileyo, usenokugqiba ngokuchasene nonogada. Cinga ngokuthatha i-inshorensi kwabanye oomatshini - ukuba kubiwe okanye konakaliswe, akukho ncedo okanye imbuyekezo ngenye indlela.
Kubasebenzi, isivumelwano sekhontrakthi esisayiniweyo kufuneka sibekhona, ubuncinane emva kweenyanga ezi-3 zokusebenza. Oku kuyamkhusela umqeshwa ukuya kuthi ga apho ukhuseleko lomsebenzi luhamba khona (ngaphandle kokuba abayophuli imithetho) kwaye kuyakukhusela (uyayazi into oyilindeleyo kumqeshwa kwaye ukuba abayifezi indima yabo unokuyekisa ingqesho ngaphandle koloyiko lomthetho. uncedo).
Abasebenzi
Eli candelo lidityaniswa nolawulo kunye nolungiselelo kwi-oganogram. Ingqikelelo "yendima kunye noxanduva" ngumxholo ophindaphindiweyo kuzo zonke iindidi zamashishini kwihlabathi. Ngowona mxholo ubalulekileyo wokwenza okanye ukwaphula ishishini.
Abasebenzi kufuneka bazi ukuba ubandakanya ntoni na umsebenzi, sithini isiphumo esilindelekileyo; kwaye kufuneka banikwe uqeqesho ukuze bakwazi ukuphumeza le misebenzi (okanye baqeshwe kunye nolo qeqesho kunye namava akhoyo).
Kwindawo yokuvelisa izitena, zama ukuqhubeka ujikeleza abasebenzi ukuze babe nezakhono ezininzi kwaye bafunde indawo nganye yomsebenzi.
Ukuxuba kuya kubandakanya ukulinganisa izithako kunye nokudibanisa nokuba ngesandla okanye nge-panmixer. Isantya semveliso yokuxuba kufuneka ihambelane ubuncinane kunye nemfuneko yomatshini. Ukuba i-bottleneck ikwisikhululo sokuxuba, kuya kuthetha ukulahleka kwemveliso. Ubunzima obulinganayo kukuba ukuxuba akwenziwanga ngokufanelekileyo kwaye izitena zibuthathaka kunokuba zilindelwe.
Abaqhubi boomatshini baya kuzalisa umatshini ngomxube. Bafanele bakwazi ukunciphisa ixesha elithathayo ukuzalisa isikhunta, iipokethi zomoya zamahhala, ukudibanisa kunye nokukhupha izitena. Esi sikhundla kufuneka sibonise ulwazi oluthile lobugcisa malunga nendlela yokulungelelanisa useto lomatshini xa kuyimfuneko kunye nendlela yokucoca oomatshini xa bengasetyenziswa.
Abasebenzi ngokubanzi baya kuthabatha izitena, ukunkcenkceshela iimfumba, ukucoca indawo yokusebenza kunye nokuthutha umxube okanye izitena.
Abasebenzi baseOfisini baya kujongana nabathengi, balawule amaphepha, baququzelele iintlawulo zemali, balungiselele ukuhanjiswa kweemveliso kubathengi, kunye nokuthengwa kwezinto kubaxhasi.
Isicwangciso soshishino kufuneka sibe neenkcukacha malunga nenkcazo yomsebenzi njengoko kufuneka ku-akhawunti yemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nomsebenzi wemveliso. Iinkcazo zobuchwephesha zezakhono ezingalindelekanga okanye ezingasetyenziswanga ngokungaqhelekanga zinokubekwa kwisihlomelo.
Kwimeko apho abasebenzi abanokuba ngabasebenzi bebengekachongwa, umtyali-mali uya kufuna ukwazi ukuba uya kwenza njani na ngokufumana abasebenzi abafanelekileyo.
Uluhlu lwempahla
Uluhlu aluyiyo nje imveliso yokugqibela ekufuneka ithengiswe - ikwabandakanya zonke izinto ezisetyenziswayo. Kuba yonke into ekwisicwangciso soshishino idityanisiwe kwaye isekwe kwisiphumo kunye nobukhulu bepropathi ekhoyo, ukucwangciswa koluhlu lwempahla yendawo yezitena kuxhomekeke kwinkunzi ekhoyo yokugcinwa kwempahla kunye nendawo yokupakisha ebonakalayo.
Abathengisi baya kubamba uluhlu lwempahla ngeendleko zakho bade bakwazi ukuthengisa iimveliso. Esi sibonelelo siluncedo kuba sikhulula indawo yokuvelisa kwindawo yemveliso. Izitena zekhonkrithi ziya kuhlala ziyipropathi yeshishini de zithengiswe kwaye kufuneka zibonise oko ekuthathweni kwempahla rhoqo ngenyanga.
Inyanga nganye kufuneka zibalwe izitena; imveliso eyenziwe, izitena ezaphukileyo kunye nezitena kwisitokhwe. La manani aya kusetyenziswa ngumgcini-zincwadi ukubala ingxelo yengeniso kunye nohlaziyo lwebalance sheet.
Imathiriyeli ekrwada ayibalwa lula njengoko kungekho ndlela ilungileyo yokulinganisa ubungakanani bemfumba eqokelelweyo. Uqikelelo luya kulunga ukulinganisa ukuba yimalini eseleyo kwizitena. Zama ukugcina ugcino lwesamente kunye ne-aggregate kwakhona kumlinganiselo ofanayo njengoko iya kusetyenziselwa ukwenza lula kunye nokulula uqikelelo lwesitokhwe.
Ulawulo lwempahla lubalulekile kulawulo lomgangatho kwakunye nolawulo lwemali.
Ixesha lonyaka lolunye uqwalaselo lwesicwangciso soshishino - mhlawumbi imali eninzi ichithwa ngoomasipala ukuya ekupheleni konyaka-mali njengoko imali engasetyenziswanga ifumana ukonyuswa kwinkcitho ngeenjongo zokwakha. Uphando lokufumanisa ukuba kukho amaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka apho kufuneka uluhlu oluninzi lwempahla; okanye unikezelo luya kuthintelwa.
Ababoneleli
Kwiindlela ezininzi zoshishino, kukho ababoneleli abaninzi abanokubonelela ngempahla efanayo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwabaxhasi kuya kuba lula xa iimfuno zakho zicacile. Kwimveliso yezitena, umboneleli onexabiso eliphantsi akakhetheki kunomboneleli ofika ngexesha. Ukuba umboneleli wakho "wexabiso eliphantsi" unikezela ngosuku okanye nangaphezulu emva kwexesha kwaye imveliso yakho inqunyanyisiwe, iindleko ziya kuba ngaphezulu kogcino olusuka ekusebenziseni loo mboneleli.
Gcina ifayile kuzo zonke iziganeko ezenzekayo kunye nababoneleli ukuze uzikhumbule. Ezi zehlo zexesha elidlulileyo zinokunceda kwizigqibo zexesha elizayo malunga nokuba utshintshe ababoneleli okanye hayi.
Yakha ubudlelwane nababoneleli (okanye ummeli ovela kumthengisi) ukuze ububele bufumaneke kwiimeko ezithile; Nokuba lixesha elithile lobabalo lwentlawulo, okuphambili ekuhanjisweni okanye iimveliso zenqanaba leprimiyamu.
Kwisicwangciso soshishino, yiba noluhlu lwababoneleli abachongiweyo nabakhethwe kwangaphambili njengoko ukhethwa kuqala. Cacisa imfuneko elindelekileyo kumntu ngamnye (oku kuya kungqinwa sisicwangciso semali). Kunye neenkcukacha zabo, qinisekisa ukuba umtyali-mali unokubona imigaqo-nkqubo yekhredithi kunye nemigaqo yokuhlawula (eya kuchaphazela uhlalutyo lokuhamba kwemali).
Imigaqo-nkqubo yeTyala
Ukubonelela ngetyala likrele elintlangothi-mbini. Yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokunyusa intengiso; kodwa kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yendawo, inokuba yindlela yokuqokelela amatyala amabi ukuba abathengi abathembekileyo abafunyanwa.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba unikezele ngetyala kuphela kumashishini asele eqinile okanye abathengisi endaweni yabantu. Ukujonga imvelaphi kunye nokusukela ityala elibi kufuna umntu onamava kulo mba. Ukuba ikhontrakthi esemthethweni yenziwe kwaye ujongo lwasemva lwenziwa ngumcebisi othembekileyo, ngoko ke ubuncinane ukuqokelelwa kwamatyala kunokwenziwa ngumntu wesithathu ngentlawulo. Cacisa ezi nkqubo zomtyali-mali.
Kwisicwangciso soshishino, phanda ngezinto okhuphisana nazo ezinikezelayo. Oku kuya kukunika umbono olungileyo malunga nokuba imarike injani na.
Ulawulo kunye noMbutho
Iibhayografi
Umtyali-mali ufuna ukwazi ukuba ngubani oza kuphumeza isicwangciso soshishino. Ukuba neebhayografi kunye nolwazi lwemvelaphi kumalungu aphambili eshishini kuya kwenza lukhulu ukufaka ukuzithemba ukuba abantu abalungileyo bayabandakanyeka. Ubungqina bobu buchule buya kuba yizakhono eziqinisekisiweyo eziphuhlisiwe kunye namava anxulumeneyo aqokelelwe.
Izikhewu zeZakhono
Kwimeko apho izakhono ezithile zingafumaneki ngamandla, umtyali-mali unokugcina ukuzithemba nje ukuba oku kuchongiwe kwaye isicwangciso senyathelo lokuyibuyekeza sele sibekiwe. Umzekelo, ukubalwa kwemali kuyinkalo ebalulekileyo yalo naliphi na ishishini; ukuba iqela labaphathi alinaso i-accountant okanye idiploma kwi-accountant okanye izakhono zokugcina iincwadi, kufuneka ichazwe ngokucacileyo ukuba oku kuya kuhlawulwa njani. Mhlawumbi uqeqesho olubanzi ngaphambi kokusungulwa kweshishini okanye ukuqesha nje ingcali kwintsimi.
Oku kunokuba ngumsantsa kwizakhono kulawulo okanye kubasebenzi abakumgangatho ophantsi. Kukho izixhobo zokuhlalutya umsantsa kwi-intanethi kodwa kuba abasebenzi basaza kuqeshwa akukho lula ukufumanisa into engekhoyo. Eyona nto ingcono kwisicwangciso soshishino kukubonelela ngoqeqesho kwiindawo apho abasebenzi abafanelekileyo bengafumanekiyo.
Abacebisi
Eminye imiba kwizakhono zoshishino ayizukubakho. Utyalo-mali, imiba yezomthetho, inkxaso yobugcisa, njl.njl. - kukho amakhondo emisebenzi ekungayi kuba sengqiqweni ukuba nawo kumzi-mveliso wezitena ixesha elizeleyo. Kwezi meko, kuya kwenza ingqiqo yemali ngakumbi ukusebenzisa nje iingcebiso apho kuyimfuneko.
Ukuba oomatshini banengxaki engaphaya kolwazi oluqeqeshiweyo lwabasebenzi, ukugcina umenzi ekwi-stand-by kuya kuba neendleko eziphezulu kunokusebenzisa injineli esisigxina.
Kwimiba enxulumene nemali, ngaphaya kwe-accountant - umcebisi werhafu uya kucebisa ngcono malunga nendlela yokunciphisa ityala lerhafu eliqokelelweyo.
Nika ingcinga eninzi yokuthathela ingqalelo bonke abacebisi onokuthi ubafune kwaye wenze uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali malunga nabo.
Itshathi yoMbutho
Uluhlu lwegunya lubalulekile ekuthathweni kwezigqibo nasekupheliseni ukuchitha ixesha ukuxambulisana. Ngokulinganayo, iindima noxanduva kufuneka zicaciswe ngokucacileyo ukuze kungabikho msebenzi unokungaqiniseki malunga nokuba uhlawulelwa ntoni na. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwengqesho, qiniseka ukuba kukho ulwandlalo malunga nokuba yintoni na equkwa ngumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla kwaye ugcine umda owaneleyo wokuvumela umsebenzi jikelele onokuthi uvele.
Eli candelo liza kubonakaliswa ngcono kwitemplate yesicwangciso soshishino xa siqulunqwa ekupheleni kolu chungechunge; kodwa ukuba ungumnini weshishini oceba ukubandakanyeka kancinci, qiniseka ukuba kukho umntu okwisiza omthembileyo ukuba alawule kwaye ajonge ukusebenza endaweni yakho. Kwanokuba isithethe sasekuhlaleni ubukhulu becala sinyanisekile yaye sisebenza nzima, isilingo sisonakalisa. Sukushiya imali kuye nawuphi na umntu ixesha elide kwaye ungashiyi iimveliso ezixabisekileyo okanye izixhobo zifikeleleka lula ecaleni kwendlela.
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