Eli nqaku lishwankathelo lezitena zekhonkrithi kunye neebhloko esizenzileyo kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye sinokunikela ngokubumba ngokwesiko xa sicela. Eli nqaku lishwankathelo; kodwa ekugqibeleni ngalinye lala macandelo liya kuba liphepha labo elinolwazi oluthe kratya.
Izitena eziPhathekayo zeKhonkrithi
Izitena eziqhelekileyo yindawo yokuqala kulwakhiwo. Banikezela ngeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuhambisa izinto zokwakha kunye nokuzalisa iindawo ezichaziweyo phakathi kwezakhiwo ezixhasayo; okanye basebenze njengezakhiwo ezixhasayo ngokwazo.
Iibhloko zeKhonkrithi esemgangathweni
Iibhloko zekhonkrithi ziiyunithi zokwakha ezihlangabezane neekhrayitheriya zobungakanani ezibaphumelela kwigama elithi "izitena" njengenkcazo. Uninzi lweebhloko oqhelene nazo zinemingxunya emibini okanye nangaphezulu. Oku kusebenza njengenzuzo, ngokuzithandela, kuba kuvumela udonga ukuba lwakhiwe ngezixhobo ezimbalwa.
Iibhloko ze-Cavity zikwabonelela ngesibonelelo sokugquma xa kufikwa kuzo zombini ukuqhuba kwe-thermal kunye nemozulu (ikakhulu ukufakwa kwamanzi emvula ngokukodwa). Ngelixa ikhonkrithi ngokubanzi ibanda kunezitena zodongwe, ibhloko yomqobo ingaphezulu kwizitena eziqinileyo ngenxa yezi ndawo zingena ngaphakathi.
Olunye uncedo kukuba kwimingxunya engenamngxunya, iibhloko zinokusebenza njengesixhobo sokufaka i-rebar yentsimbi yolwakhiwo kunye nokugalela ikhonkrithi kwiikholamu ukunika amandla ongezelelweyo (ukuqina kwentsimbi kunye nokucinezelwa kwikhonkrithi eqinileyo).
Iibhloko zomoya opholileyo
Iibhloko zomoya opholileyo zisetyenziselwa i-aesthetics kunye nomsebenzi. Ngelixa kungasetyenziswanga ngokufanelekileyo kwinkxaso yolwakhiwo, banikezela ngokuhamba komoya phakathi kwezithuba ngaphandle kokuvumela ukufikelela okwenyani. Oku kungenziwa kukhuseleko (ukukhuselwa kwemibhobho yobhedu ngaphandle kwesakhiwo okanye kwintendelezo edibeneyo) okanye into enjengendawo yenkunkuma.
Ngobuhle, ezi bhloko zinokusetyenziselwa kufutshane nomphezulu wodonga ukongeza isitayile kuludonga olomeleleyo lomda.
Ukugcina iiBhloko zeDonga
Ukugcina izitena
Ukugcina kubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba kwenza udidi lwayo xa kuqwalaselwa izixhobo zokwakha. Ukukhetha isitena se paving kuyakuvumela isitayile ukuba sihambelane nombono wobuhle bendlu.
Izitena ezahlukahlukeneyo zinokudityaniswa ngeendlela ezininzi; kwaye ukongeza ukwahluka kombala ukwenza iipateni kwenza ukuba kubonakale ukhetho olunomtsalane oluxhaswe bubuchule bepheyiji.
I-Lintel U-Ibhlokhi
Ukuthengwa kweelaphu kungabiza kakhulu okanye kungafikeleleki kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Nangona kunjalo, ii-lintel zinokuphoswa kwisiza. I-U-Block ivumela iscaffold apho kugalelwa khona ikhonkrithi ngaphezulu kwesinyithi sokubuyisela (ukuqiniswa kokuqina) ukuze isetyenziswe (ijonge ezantsi) ngaphezulu kweefestile kunye nezakhelo zomnyango.
Iibhedi ukolula
Ngelixa iibhloko ezisemgangathweni zinamandla aqokelelwe eziphelweni apho kuphela umaleko womxube wodaka ohlukanisa iibhlorho zokuphela zeebhloko ezimbini ngokulandelelana, iibhloko zokuhambisa zinolwabiwo olufanayo lokuhambisa umthwalo kwiibhulorho ezisasaziweyo xa zibekwe. Ngokwesiqhelo ibonwa ngemingxunya emithathu, uluhlu lweebhloko lubonelela ngezithuba zomngxuma eziqhubekayo ezibonelela nangokwabiwa okuqhelekileyo kokutyibilika kwekhonkrithi kugalelwe izithuba.
Iibhloko zokungenelela
Igama liyalahlekisa ngandlela ithile ngelixa iibhloko zinokudibana ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, ukuphelisa ukuxubana kodaka ukuseta udonga akucebisi. Iinotshi ezingenelelekayo zivumela ukulungelelaniswa ngokulula kweebhloko kunye nokuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kodaka oluthe tyaba; kodwa isibonelelo sokwenyani kukonyuka okukhulu kumandla eludongeni emacaleni apho ibhloko nganye ikhuselwe yibloko ngapha nangapha.
Ukubhloka kwebhloko
Imijelo yemijelo kunye nemibhobho kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kusakhiwa udonga. Sebenzisa iibhloko zokukhonkxa kuvumela indlela elula yokuqhekeza umphezulu weebhulorho ukubeka izinto ezifakiweyo. Le mingxunya ikhutshiweyo inokusetyenziselwa ukuqinisa ukuqinisa kwentsimbi.
Iibhloko / Iibhloko zeDisk
Ukwakha indawo enemigangatho emibini kufuna isamente ekubhalwe kuyo ubude nobubanzi bomgangatho womgangatho. Ukuxhasa, iintsika ziyakhiwa ukuthatha ubunzima bomgangatho; kodwa ukuthulula i-flooring eyiyo ungasebenzisa ibhloko ebekiweyo (okanye ibhloko block). Ngokwesiqhelo, iilaphu zibekwa ecaleni komgama phakathi kweendonga zenkxaso. Phakathi kweentsimbi unazo iikholamu zale bhloko ukwenza isikipa esikhonkxiweyo esigalelwe ukubanjelwa endaweni ngelixa uphilisa. I-engile ethambekileyo yebhlokhi yenza i-archways yesilayiti yekhonkrithi ukuba ihlale phezu kweendawo zokuxhasa eziwela umnqamlezo.
Iibhloko zeekona
Kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokwakha kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kobubanzi bodonga kunye nobude beyunithi yokwakha. Uninzi lobukhulu obuqhelekileyo, yi-gap eqokelelweyo apho ubude bodonga budibana khona kunye neqabane layo lasekunene. Iibhloko zeekona ziibhloko zeengcali ezibonelela ngeyunithi enye yokuphosa ukuhlangabezana nesithuba; ngokuchasene nokusebenzisa nje isiqingatha sebhloko ukuyizalisa.
Isiqingatha seBhloko
Endaweni yeebhloko zekona okanye isakhelo seminyango kunye nolunye udonga, ihafu-yebhlokhi ivumela isithuba sokugcwalisa kumqolo weebhloko ukwenza eminye imihlaba ethe nkqo.
Sill iibhloko
Njengomphelelisi wobuhle kwisakhelo sefestile, jonga uluhlu lweebhloko zeesill. Ukuhlala kwiyunithi enye yokwakha ukuphakama kodwa ubonelele ngesiphelo esihle kwenye ifreyimu ethe tyaba.
Iintsika zodonga
Kwiindonga zomda wobungqingqwa obuthile, izakhiwo zenkxaso ziyimfuneko ngamaxesha athile. Oku kuqinisekisa ubude bexesha eludongeni kunye nokudala amanqaku okomelela ngexesha lokuphakama kwalo. Ngaphandle kwamandla, iphakamileyo ngobuhle kunodonga olucacileyo. Ezi bhloko zibonelela ngokudibanisa ezahlukeneyo ezifunekayo.
Oonobumba Bodonga
Nokuba usebenzisa intsika yodonga okanye akunjalo, ikepusi yodonga kukugqitywa okucocekileyo eludongeni. Ikwafihla kwaye ikhusele ikhabhathi enokuthi ibaleke ngaphezulu kodonga ukuya kwiindawo ezikhanyayo, iikhamera zokujonga okanye ukubiya ngombane. Ukongeza i-oxide ngombala kunye nolwakhiwo kunokuba nomtsalane kwinto ekhoyo yokuthintela ukophula umthetho.
Amatye okuthintela
Kuyo yonke indlela esecaleni kwendlela kunye neendlela zokuhamba zeepaki zikawonke-wonke uya kufumana ukunqunyulwa. Amatye e-curb ahlala enziwa ngeetafile ezishukuma kwisibumbeko kusetyenziswa indlela yokuxuba emanzi. Ukubumba kuthululwa ngekhonkrithi, kushiywe ukuseta, kwaye konakaliswe ngaphambi kwexesha lokuphilisa.
Iibhloko yengca
Kwiindawo ezinodaka okanye iindlela zengca ezinokuthi zithambekele kukhukuliseko oluvela kumavili emoto, ibhloko ethintela ingca isisombululo kubo bobabini ababambelela kwimisila yerabha kunye nokukhusela umhlaba ukuze uhlanga lwakhiwe kwakhona.
Iibhloko ezijikelezayo
I-Roundhouse, i-reservoir okanye i-rondawel yaseMzantsi Afrika (i-rondavel) yisisombululo esidibeneyo sokwenza isakhiwo se-cylinder yobubanzi obunikiweyo. Njengesitya sokubamba amanzi, iibhloko zidibanisa ukudibana kwakhona kwisangqa; kwaye emva kwamanqanaba aliqela, ukuqiniswa kuyasetyenziswa kwimingxunya kunye nokuthintela amanzi ngaphakathi kwendawo yokubamba ngaphambi kokuba kubanjelwe ukuthintela umphunga.
Ngenye indlela, njengendawo yokuhlala - iindawo ezininzi zakhiwe ukudala indawo yekhaya kwisitayile seendawo zokuhlala zasemaphandleni eMpuma Koloni ukuya kuKwaZulu-Natal.
